Biologically triggered liberation of sub-micron particles from alginate microcapsules

A new method for triggering the burst liberation of encapsulated sub-micron particles from carrier particles using embedded microorganisms has been developed. Triggering mechanisms such as chemical, light, thermal, or magnetic are known, but man-made particles are not yet able to replicate the concept of “hibernation” found in biological systems in the form of spores or seeds that survive in an inactive state and start to grow only once favourable environmental conditions are encountered. An engineered particle system that mimics this property by embedding viable yeast cells into synthetically made alginate microcapsules is reported in this work. Cell growth and division is used as a trigger mechanism for stimuli-responsive release of the encapsulated content. The hybrid living/artificial capsules were formed by an inkjet printing process and the mechanism of biologically triggered release was shown using fluorescently labelled liposomes

Maze solvers demystified and some other thoughts

There is a growing interest towards implementation of maze solving in spatially-extended physical, chemical and living systems. Several reports of prototypes attracted great publicity, e.g. maze solving with slime mould and epithelial cells, maze navigating droplets. We show that most prototypes utilise one of two phenomena: a shortest path in a maze is a path of the least resistance for fluid and current flow, and a shortest path is a path of the steepest gradient of chemoattractants. We discuss that substrates with so-called maze-solving capabilities simply trace flow currents or chemical diffusion gradients. We illustrate our thoughts with a model of flow and experiments with slime mould. The chapter ends with a discussion of experiments on maze solving with plant roots and leeches which show limitations of the chemical diffusion maze-solving approach.Comment: This is a preliminary version of the chapter to be published in Adamatzky A. (Ed.) Shortest path solvers. From software to wetware. Springer, 201

Chemobrionics: from self-assembled material architectures to the origin of life

Self-organizing precipitation processes, such as chemical gardens forming biomimetic micro- and nanotubular forms, have the potential to show us new fundamental science to explore, quantify, and understand nonequilibrium physicochemical systems, and shed light on the conditions for life's emergence. The physics and chemistry of these phenomena, due to the assembly of material architectures under a flux of ions, and their exploitation in applications, have recently been termed chemobrionics. Advances in understanding in this area require a combination of expertise in physics, chemistry, mathematical modeling, biology, and nanoengineering, as well as in complex systems and nonlinear and materials sciences, giving rise to this new synergistic discipline of chemobrionics

The comparison of czech and finnish tax system

This bachelor thesis is focused on the comparision of the current tax system in Czech Republic and Finland. In the first part the theoretical principles of taxes in Czech Republic are explained, including the importance of individual taxes for the tax revenue. The Finnish taxes are described in the same way in the next chapter. The third part compares income tax in both countries as a real example, measures the taxes on consumption and matches the level of the real estate tax. The final fourth part clears up if the Czech tax system can be used in Finland and conversely

Property tax in Turkey and Czech republic

The thesis deals with the analysis of the tax on real estate in Turkey and the Czech Republic, the functioning of this tax and its impact to the local budgets. Proves that both systems are otherwise for the determination of the tax base and tax collection. Turkey is based on market value and the tax levied by the State. Czech Republic assessed acreage real estate and tax levied the appropriate municipality. On the basis of the questionnaires submitted by the two mayors in both countries shows that in Turkey is very limited decision-making power of municipalities and the system is built on a centralized approach. In contrast, the Czech Republic fulfils the requirements of decentralization. Finally, uses the deduction due to the level of decision-making powers in the field of drawing of funds from taxes in both countries.Diplomová práce se zabývá analýzou daně z nemovitosti v Turecku a České republice, fungováním této daně a jejím dopadem do místních rozpočtů. Dokazuje, že oba systémy přistupují jinak ke stanovení základu daně a výběru daně. Turecko vychází z tržní hodnoty a daň vybírá stát. Česká republika posuzuje výměru nemovitosti a daň vybírá příslušná municipalita. Na základě dotazníků předložených dvěma starostům v obou zemích vyplývá, že v Turecku je velice omezená rozhodovací moc municipalit a systém je spíš postaven na centrálním přístupu. Naproti tomu Česká republika splňuje požadavky decentralizace. Závěrem je pomocí dedukce vyvozena míra rozhodovacích pravomocí v oblasti čerpání prostředků z daně z nemovitosti v obou zemích